Sep 30, 2012  Re: JAVAHOME ERROR EPPM P6 R8.2 Installation 958146 Sep 30, 2012 6:26 AM ( in response to Gordo Cashmo ) Dear Gordon, I am not sure about V7 SP4 and dont have experience that. Here I am using P6 EPPM 8.2 on windows 2008 x64 and the Java is 32bit architecture. Re: JAVAHOME ERROR EPPM P6 R8.2 Installation 958146 Sep 30, 2012 6:26 AM ( in response to Gordo Cashmo ) Dear Gordon, I am not sure about V7 SP4 and dont have experience that. Here I am using P6 EPPM 8.2 on windows 2008 x64 and the Java is 32bit architecture.

In order to run Java application you need to have first installed Java on your Mac or Windows laptop or desktop.

It’s absolutely required to complete Java setup right way for your production & development applications. If you are a first time Java user then first step is to go to official Oracle website and download JDK.

Below detailed steps will help also if you have below questions:

• How to fix JAVA_HOME error while starting Tomcat Server?
• Why i’m getting jre_home is not defined correctly tomcat error?
• How to set jre_home environment variable?
• jre_home on windows
• Difference between java_home vs jre_home
• How to set jre_home via command line?

In this tutorial we will discuss how to install Java, setup JRE_HOME & JAVA_HOME environment variables on Windows platform only. For Mac and Linux, I’ll publish another tutorial with all detailed steps later.

Let’s get started

Step-1

Configure JAVA_HOME / JRE_HOME Environment Variables

• Go to official Oracle site and Download JDK binary
• Click on Java Download
• Accept License Agreement
• Download binary next to Windows x64

Step-2

• Double click on .exe file and it will install JDK and JRE both on your Windows Laptop/Desktop
• By default it will install JDK and JRE at location: C:Program FilesJava folder

Step-3

• Now minimize all windows and you will see Desktop icon (check this screenshot)
• Right click on it
• Click on Properties
• Click on Advanced System Settings link as you in above diagram

Step-4

• Click on Advanced Tab
• Click on Environment Variables.. button

Step-5

• New Pop-up Window will appear
• Click on New…
• Enter JAVA_HOME as variable name and C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_121 as Value
• Enter JRE_HOME as variable name and C:Program FilesJavajre1.8.0_121 as Value
• Click OK button
• Exit System Properties window

At this time, you are all set.

How to verify?

How to verify if JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME environment variables setup correctly or not?

• Just open command prompt
• Type java -version
• It will print installed Java details as shown below

That’s it. Let me know if you face any issue installing Java on your laptop. Make sure to update Java version number as per your installation in above steps. Happy coding and happy open sourcing.

What is a difference Between JRE and JDK?

Ideally JRE provides runtime environment for your application. While running your development or production environment, you just need JRE.

On other end, while you are developing Java application, JDK provides more debugging and development functionalities which wont part of JRE.

Join the Discussion

Share & leave us some comments on what you think about this topic or if you like to add something.

What are Environment Variables?

Environment variables are global system variables accessible by all the processes running under the Operating System (OS). Environment variables are useful to store system-wide values such as the directories to search for the executable programs (PATH) and the OS version. Examples of environment variables in Windows OS are:

• COMPUTENAME, USERNAME: stores the computer and current user name.
• OS: the operating system.
• SystemRoot: the system root directory.
• PATH: stores a list of directories for searching executable programs.

In setting up JDK and Java applications, you will encounter these environment variables: PATH, CLASSPATH, JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME. In short:

• PATH: maintains a list of directories. The OS searches the PATH entries for executable programs, such as Java Compiler (javac) and Java Runtime (java).
• CLASSPATH: maintain a list of directories (containing many Java class files) and JAR file (a single-file archive of Java classes). The Java Compiler and Java Runtime searches the CLASSPATH entries for Java classes referenced in your program.
• JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME: maintain the locations of JDK and JRE installed directory, respectively.

(Windows) How to Set or Change an Environment Variable

Variables in Windows are NOT case-sensitive (because the legacy DOS is not case-sensitive). Environment variables are typically named in uppercase, with words joined with underscore (_), e.g., JAVA_HOME.

Display Variables and their Values

To list all the variables and their values, start a CMD shell (Click 'Start' button ⇒ Run ⇒ Enter 'cmd') and issue the command 'set'. To display a particular variable, use command 'set varname'. For examples,

Try issuing a set command on your system, and study the environment variables listed. Pay particular attention to the variable called PATH.

Set/Change/Unset a Variable

To set (or change) a variable, use command 'set varname=value'. There shall be no spaces before and after the '=' sign. To unset an environment variable, use 'set varname=', i.e., set it to an empty string.

For examples,

A variable set via the 'set' command under CMD is a local variable, available to the current CMD session only.

Set an Environment Variable

To set an environment variable permanently in Windows (so that it is available to all the Windows' processes), start the 'Control Panel' ⇒ 'System' ⇒ (Vista/7/8) 'Advanced system settings' ⇒ Switch to 'Advanced' tab ⇒ 'Environment variables' ⇒ Choose 'System Variables' (for all users) or 'User Variables' (for this login user only) ⇒ Choose 'Edit' (for modifying an existing variable) or 'New' (to create a new variable) ⇒ Enter the variable 'Name' and 'Value'.

Using a Variable

To reference a variable in Windows, use %varname% (with prefix and suffix of '%'). For example, you can use the echo command to print the value of a variable in the form 'echo %varname%'.

(Mac OS/Linux) How to Set or Change an Environment Variable

Variables in Unixes are case-sensitive. Global environment variables (available to ALL processes) are named in uppercase, with words joined with underscore (_), e.g., JAVA_HOME. Local variables (available to the current process only) are in lowercase.

Most of the Unixes (Ubuntu and Mac OS X) use the so-called Bash shell. Under bash shell:

• To list all the environment variables, use the command 'env' (or 'printenv'). You could use 'set' to list all the variables, including all local variables.
• To reference a variable, use $varname, with a prefix '$' (Windows uses %varname%).
• To print the value of a particular variable, use the command 'echo $varname'.
• To set an environment variable, use the command 'export varname=value', which sets the variable and exports it to the global environment (available to other processes). Enclosed the value with double quotes if it contains spaces.
• To set a local variable, use the command 'varname=value' (or 'set varname=value'). Local variable is available within this process only.
• To unset a local variable, use command 'varname=', i.e., set to empty string (or 'unset varname').

Set an Environment Variable Permanently

You can set an environment variable permanently by placing an export command in your Bash shell startup script '~/.bashrc' (or '~/.bash_profile', or '~/.profile') of your home directory; or '/etc/profile' for system-wide operations. Take note that files beginning with dot (.) is hidden by default. To display hidden files, use command 'ls -a' or 'ls -al'.

For example, to add a directory to the PATH environment variable, add the following line at the end of '~/.bash_profile' (or '~/.profile'), under your home directory, or '/etc/profile'.

Similarly, You can set the CLASSPATH environment variables by adding the following line. For example,

Take note that Bash shell uses colon (:) as the path separator; while windows use semi-colon (;).

To refresh the bash shell, issue a 'source' command (or re-start the bash shell):

(Notes) For the older csh (C-shell) and ksh (Korn-shell)

• Use 'printenv' (or 'env') to list all the environment variables.
• Use 'setenv varname value' and 'unsetenv varname' to set and unset an environment variable.
• Use 'set varname=value' and 'unset varname' to set and unset a local variable for the current process.

Java Applications and the Environment Variables PATH, CLASSPATH, JAVA_HOME

Many problems in the installation and running of Java applications are caused by incorrect setting of environment variables (global system variables available to all the processes running under the system), in particular, PATH, CLASSPATH and JAVA_HOME.

PATH

When you launch a program from the command line, the operating system uses the PATH environment variable to search for the program in your local file system. In other words, PATH maintains a list of directories for searching executable programs.

PATH (For Windows)

When you launch an executable program (with file extension of '.exe', '.bat' or '.com') from the CMD shell, Windows searches for the executable program in the current working directory, followed by all the directories listed in the PATH environment variable. If the program cannot be found in these directories, you will get the following error:

For example, if Java Compiler 'javac.exe' is not found in the current directory and all the directories in the PATH, you will receive this error when compiling java source code:

PATH maintains a list of directories. The directories are separated by semi-colon ';'.

For Java applications, PATH must include the following directories:

• JDK's 'bin' directory (e.g., 'c:Program Filesjavajdk1.7.0_{xx}bin'), which contains JDK programs such as Java Compiler 'javac.exe' and Java Runtime 'java.exe'.
• 'c:windowssystem32' and 'c:windows' which contain console programs and commands.

NOTES: The JDK's 'bin' directory should be listed before 'c:windowssystem32' and 'c:windows' in the PATH. This is because some older Windows systems provide their own Java runtime (which is often out-dated) in these directories (try search for 'java.exe' in your computer!).

To manipulate the PATH environment variable, you could use command 'set PATH' (just like any environment variable). But as PATH is frequently used, a dedicated command called path is provided.

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In Windows, the current working directory '.' is automatically included in the PATH, as the first entry. In other words, the current working directory is searched first, before searching the other entries specified in PATH, in a the order specified.

For Windows users, you could set the PATH permanently to include JDK's 'bin' directory via 'Control Panel' ⇒ 'System'⇒ (Vista/7/8) 'Advanced system settings' ⇒ Switch to 'Advanced' tab ⇒ 'Environment variables' ⇒ Under 'System Variables' (for all users) ⇒ Select variable 'PATH' ⇒ Choose 'Edit' (for modifying an existing variable) ⇒ In 'Value', INSERT your JDK's 'bin' directory (e.g., 'c:Program FilesJavajdk1.7.0_{xx}bin'), followed by a semi-colon ';', IN FRONT of all the existing PATH entries. DO NOT remove any existing entry; otherwise, some programs may not run.

PATH (For Mac and Ubuntu)

Most of the Unixes and Mac use the so-called Bash Shell in the 'Terminal'. When you launch an executable program (with file permission of executable) in a Bash shell, the system searches the program in ALL the directories listed in the PATH. If the program cannot be found, you will get the following error:

To list the current PATH, issue command:

To add a directory (e.g., /usr/local/mysql/bin) to the existing PATH (referenced as $PATH) permanently, you can add the following line at the end of the .bashrc (or .bash_profile) of the home directory of the user; or /etc/profile for all users.

The directories are separated by colon (:) as shown in the above example.

In Bash Shell, the current directory is NOT searched, unless it is included in the PATH. As a result, you have to enter './programName' to run program stored in the current directory (the '.' denotes the current directory). It is recommended to include the current directory in the PATH by adding this line at the end of the .bashrc or .bash_profile of your home directory; or /etc/profile for all users.

CLASSPATH

Java Archive (JAR) File

For ease of distribution, Java classes are often archived (zipped) together into a so-called JAR file. To use a third-party Java package, you need to place the distributed JAR file in a location that is available to the Java Compiler and Java Runtime.

How Classes are Found?

Java Compiler ('javac'), Java Runtime ('java') and other Java tools searches for classes used in your program in this order:

1. Java platform (bootstrap) classes: include system classes in core packages (java.*) and extension packages (javax.*) in 'rt.jar' (runtime class), 'i18n.jar' (internationalization class), charsets.jar, jre/classes, and others.
2. Java Extension Directories: You can copy the external JAR files into Java Extension Directory.
   • For Windows, the Java Extension Directory is located at '<JAVA_HOME>jrelibext' (e.g., 'c:Program FilesJavajdk1.7.0_{xx}jrelibext').
   • For Mac, the JDK extension directories are '/Library/Java/Extensions' and '/System/Library/Java/Extensions'.
   • For Ubuntu, the JDK extension directories are '<JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/ext' (e.g., '/usr/user/java/jdk1.7.0_{xx}/jre/lib/ext') and '/usr/java/packages/lib/ext'.
   The location of Java's Extension Directories is kept in Java's System Property 'java.ext.dirs'. You can print its contents via System.out.println(System.getProperty('java.ext.dirs')).
3. User classes search path (in short, class path): determined in the following order:
   1. Defaulted to the current working directory (.).
   2. Entries in the CLASSPATH environment variable, which overrides the default.
   3. Entries in the -cp (or -classpath) command-line option, which overrides the CLASSPATH environment variable.
   4. The runtime command-line option -jar, which override all the above.
   The user class paths are kept in Java System property 'java.class.path'.
   It is recommended that you use the -cp (or -classpath) command-line option (customized for each of your applications), instead of setting a permanent CLASSPATH environment for all the Java applications. IDE (such as Eclipse/NetBeans) manages -cp (-classpath) for each of the applications and does not rely on the CLASSPATH environment.

Cannot Find Classes

If the Java Runtime ('java') cannot find the classes used in your program in all the above places, it will issue error 'Could not find or load main class xxxx' (JDK 1.7) or 'java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError' (Prior to JDK 1.7).

Similarly, Java Compiler ('javac') will issue compilation errors such as 'cannot find symbol', 'package does not exist'.

Notes: External native libraries ('.lib', '.dll', '.a', '.so') are to be found in a path in JRE's Property 'java.library.path', which normally but not necessarily includes all the directories in the PATH environment variable. Otherwise, you will get a runtime error 'java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no xxx in java.library.path'.

CLASSPATH Environment Variable

The CLASSPATH environment variable could include directories (containing many class files) and JAR files (a single-file archive of class files). If CLASSPATH is not set, it is defaulted to the current directory. If you set the CLASSPATH, it is important to include the current working directory (.). Otherwise, the current directory will not be searched.

A common problem in running hello-world program is: CLASSPATH is set but does not include the current working directory. The current directory is therefore not searched, which results in 'Error: Could not find or load main class Hello'. You can simply remove the CLASSPATH, and leave the class path defaulted to the current directory.

For a beginner, no explicit CLASSPATH setting is required. The default CLASSPATH setting of current directory is sufficient. Remove all CLASSPATH setting if there is any. However, if you have to set CLASSPATH, make sure that you include the current directory '.'.

The PATH environment variable (for searching the executable programs) is applicable to all applications; while CLASSPATH is used by Java only.

Read JDK documents 'Setting the CLASSPATH' and 'How Classes are Found' (you can find the hyperlinks from the index page of the JDK documentation, or googling).

CLASSPATH Environment Variable (For Windows)

The CLASSPATH accepts directories and jar-files. Path entries are separated by semi-colon (;).

Example: Displaying and changing CLASSPATH for the current CMD session.

You can set the CLASSPATHpermanently via 'Control Panel' ⇒ 'System'⇒ (Vista/7/8) 'Advanced system settings' ⇒ Switch to 'Advanced' tab ⇒ 'Environment variables' ⇒ Choose 'System Variables' (for all users) or 'User Variables' (for this login user only):

• To modify the existing CLASSPATH, select variable 'CLASSPATH' and Choose 'Edit' ⇒ In variable 'Value', provide the directories and jar-files, separated by semi-colon ';'. Make sure that the current directory '.' is included as the first entry.
• To create CLASSPATH ⇒ Choose 'New' ⇒ In variable 'Name', enter 'CLASSPATH' ⇒ In variable 'Value', provide the directories and jar-files, separated by semi-colon ';'. Make sure that the current directory '.' is included as the first entry.

CLASSPATH (for Mac and Ubuntu)

1. To set the CLASSPATH for the current session, issue this command: Use colon ':' as the path separator (instead of semi-colon ';' in Windows).
2. To set the CLASSPATH permanently, place the above export command in the bash shell initialization script (.bashrc or .bash_profile of the home directory or /etc/profile for all users).

JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME

Set JAVA_HOME to your JDK installation directory (e.g., 'c:Program Filesjavajdk1.7.0_{xx}'). JAVA_HOME is needed for running Tomcat and many other Java applications.

You can optionally set JRE_HOME to the JRE base directory (e.g., 'c:Program Filesjavajre7').

Read the above section on how to set or change environment variable (in Windows, Mac and Unixes).

Notes: Windows vs. Unixes (Mac OS/Ubuntu)

Java is platform independent. Java classes run in Windows as well as Unixes - binary compatible.

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• Unixes have many shells, such as the newer bash and the older csh, ksh. Windows have two shells: the newer cmd.exe and the older command.com. Each shell come with its own set of commands, utilities, and its own scripting programming language.
• Unix's variable name is denoted as $varname, e.g., $CLASSPATH. Windows uses %varname%, e,g., %CLASSPATH%.
• Unix uses command 'printenv' (print environment) or 'env' to list all the environment variables. Windows uses command 'set'.
• Unix's PATH is set permanently in the login or shell initialization script (e.g., '~/.login', '~/.profile', '~/.bashrc', '~/.bash_profile', or '/etc/profile'). Windows' PATH is set permanently via Control Panel ⇒ System ⇒ ..
• The current directory is NOT included in the Unix's PATH implicitly. To run a program in the current directory, you need to issue './programName' where '.' denotes the current directory. It is recommended to include the current directory (.) in the PATH explicitly. On the other hand, current directory is included in Windows' PATH implicitly.
• A Windows' path includes a drive letter and directories. Each drive has a root directory. It uses back-slash ' as directory separator (e.g., 'c:jdk1.6bin'). Linux's paths do not have drive letter. There is a single root. Unix uses forward slash '/' as the directory separator (e.g., '/usr/bin/jdk1.6').
• Windows use semi-colon ';' as path separator (e.g., in PATH environment variable), while Unix uses colon ':'.
• Windows/DOS uses '0D0AH' (carriage-return plus line-feed) as line-break (or End-of-Line (EOL)). Unix uses '0AH' (line-feed) only. Mac uses '0DH' up to OS 9 and '0AH' from OS X.